Antenna amplifiers - Many people think adding an amplifier to their antenna will improve the performance of the antenna. The "default" amplification of an op-amp is very high and not necessarily well-defined - but can be controlled very precisely by adding a negative feedback pathway between the output and the inverting input. BNC connector - This is a very common high frequency connector, but it is almost never employed in TV antenna systems. Fading - Depending on the terrain at your location, there are often two paths for the signal to follow to your antenna. For starters, there is a voltage offset present between the input and the output; for inputs between 0 and 0.6V, the output will be simply clipped at 0V. Connecting the emitter to a negative voltage at least 0.6V higher than the lowest signal voltage is a potential solution to the clipping problem - but it may be impractical in some settings.

The most unsophisticated use of a diode is a shunt; shunts may be placed across the terminals of high-impedance, low-precision signal sources to trim the voltage to a particular level; or to suppress transient voltage spikes caused by inductors, electrostatic discharge, or even lightning strikes (using a specialized varistor diode). The output waveform from a rectifier has non-zero average DC voltage, though - corresponding to the amplitude of the input signal (shown below in green in the graph below). This is why the MOSFET circuit shown in column B is always a bad idea, too. Because of the need to limit current, the NPN arrangement shown in column B is universally a bad idea: it will likely destroy the transistor; its PNP equivalent is equally disastrous. In all cases, the driving voltage applied to the base (or gate) must be high enough to trigger the transistor; that is, at least 0.6V in BJT, and at least 1-2V for most MOSFETs. The spec for the diode usually gives a "rated reverse current" or IZT figure, corresponding to the rated reverse voltage; in most cases, several milliamps is ideal.

The function of this diode is to begin conducting, due to the breakdown effect, when the terminal voltage gets dangerously high. The resistor on diode side should be selected to limit the current through the diode to a reasonable value, so that it has an opportunity to develop a voltage across its terminals in the first place, but so that it does not waste too much power. As long as the rate at which this capacitor is discharged by a load is much lower than the rate at which it can be recharged, the output signal is a close approximation of a DC supply; the larger the capacitor, the smoother the DC output is. A simple way to fix it is to have the input signal drive two complementary transistors at the same time, placed on both sides of the "out" node; this is known as a push-pull amplifier. Co-channel interference - When the station you want is not receivable because of another station on the same channel, you have co-channel interference.

The same fate met all attempts to build non-binary computers (e.g., ternary). The essential difference between computers and dumb calculators is the ability to execute programs in a manner first generalized by Alan Turing. When the input voltages are identical, the output voltage is exactly 50% of the supply range; and when the voltages differ, the difference will be amplified and output as a swing toward the negative or the positive supply rail. The impedance of a freestanding half-wave folded dipole is 300 ohms, but the presence of nearby elements will usually lower this considerably. A variation of this circuit is called an envelope follower: in this case, the resistor and the capacitor are matched to form a low-pass filter that "masks out" a high-frequency carrier, but passes through a lower frequency envelope (in this use, no significant output loading is present). For example, AND gates may be employed to make sure that the input or output stage is active only when the clock signal is high; modified flip-flops may be used to detect clock signal state transitions and initiate actions on rising or falling edges; and binary counters may be used to ensure that a particular number of clock cycles passes between any two operations, what are electric cables or to select the appropriate part of a circuit to use when executing a sequence of calculations.